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This list was
developed by Van Sloan in consultation with James Sheehan, chairman of Stanford's history department.Click for descriptions of these Civilizations:
Ancient. Middle Ages. or Modern|
Appendix A |
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|
World Leadership Civilizations |
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|
approximate dates |
years in leadership |
Civilization (location) |
Leading City |
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|
Ancient ( BC) |
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|
4300 |
2700 |
1600 |
Sumerian (Iraq) |
Uruk |
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|
2700 |
1075 |
1625 |
Egyptian |
Memphis (Cairo) |
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|
1075 |
745 |
330 |
Phoenician (Lebanon) |
Tyre |
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|
745 |
612 |
133 |
Assyrian (Iraq) |
Nineveh |
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|
612 |
539 |
73 |
Babylonian (Iraq) |
Babylon |
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|
539 |
478 |
61 |
Persian (Iran) |
Susa |
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|
478 |
323 |
155 |
Greek |
Athens |
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|
323 |
197 |
126 |
Hellenistic (Mediterranean, Egypt) |
Alexandria |
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|
197BC |
378AD |
575 |
Roman |
Rome |
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|
Middle Ages (AD) |
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|
378 |
467 |
85 |
Hindu - Gupta (India) |
Pataliputra (Patna) |
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|
467 |
589 |
122 |
Byzantine (Turkey)* |
Constantinople (Istanbul) |
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|
756 |
167 |
Chinese-T'ang |
Ch'ang-an |
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|
756 |
945 |
189 |
Islamic (Mediterranean) |
Baghdad |
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|
945 |
1071 |
126 |
Byzantine (Turkey)* |
Constantinople (Istanbul) |
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|
1071 |
1294 |
223 |
Sung & Mongol (China) |
Beijing |
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|
Modern (AD) |
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|
1294 |
1434 |
140 |
Italian Renaissance |
1. Venice |
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|
1434 |
1508 |
74 |
2. Florence |
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|
1508 |
1527 |
19 |
3. Rome |
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|
1527 |
1588 |
61 |
Spanish |
Madrid |
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|
1588 |
1609 |
21 |
English |
London |
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|
1609 |
1672 |
63 |
Dutch |
Amsterdam |
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|
1672 |
1814 |
142 |
French |
Paris |
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|
1814 |
1830 |
16 |
Austrian |
Vienna |
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|
1830 |
1918 |
88 |
British |
London |
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|
1918 |
present |
87+ |
American |
New York |
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*
Comment from a Greek viewer: I really wonder WHY Byzantines are TURKS. Sloan responds: Turkey is listed just as the current location. The Byzantines spoke Greek.The years above often relate to a decisive military result, such as Napoleon's 1814 abdication. But such exact dates may not reveal the full extent of a civilization in its prime. Mozart died 23 years before 1814, but his music is certainly part of the golden age of Vienna.
Go to:
Influential persons and contributions of above civilizationsGo to: Events marking start & end dates above
Go to:
Important civilizations not reaching top influenceGo to:
outline of this World Civilizations section of the websiteComments to:
VanSloan@yahoo.com